Java Abstraction and Encapsulation

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Java Abstraction and Encapsulation
 
Java Object Oriented Programming

i) Inheritance

ii) Polymorphism
----------------
iii) Abstraction

iv) Encapsulation
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Abstraction

> It is a process of hiding implementation details and showing only functionality to the user.

Two types of Methods in Java

1) Concrete Methods (The methods which are having body)

Example:

public void add(){
Statements
---------
--------
-----------
}

2) Abstract Methods (The methods which are not having body)

Ex:

public void add();

--------------------------------------
> If we know the method name, but don't know the method functionality, then we go for Abstract methods.

> Java Class contains 100% concrete methods.

> Abstract class contains one or more abstract methods.
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Example:

Class 1 (having 10 methods)

10 methods are concrete methods

It is a Java Class

Class 2 (having 10 methods)

(5 concrete methods and 5 abstract methods)

Abstract class

Class 3 (having 10 methods)

(All 10 methods are abstract methods)

Abstract class
----------------------------
Example:

Abstract Class

public abstract class Bike {

public void handle(){
System.out.println("Bikes have Handle");
}

public void seat(){
System.out.println("Bikes have Seats");
}

public abstract void engine();

public abstract void wheels();

public static void main (String [] args){
HeroHonda obj = new HeroHonda();
obj.engine();
obj.wheels();
}
}
----------------------------------
Sub Class

public class HeroHonda extends Bike{
@Override
public void engine() {
System.out.println("Bikes have Engine");
}

@Override
public void wheels() {
System.out.println("Bikes have Wheels");
}

public static void main (String [] args){
//Create Object
HeroHonda objHH = new HeroHonda();   
objHH.engine();
objHH.seat();
objHH.wheels();
objHH.handle();
}
}
--------------------------
Interfaces

Selenium IDE has User Interface (Integrated Development Environment)

Selenium WebDriver is a Programming Interface.
---------------------------
UFT/QTP has both IDE as well as Programming Interface.
------------------------------
Java Interfaces

> Interface is a Java type definition block which is 100% abstract

> All the Interface methods by default public and abstract.

> static and final modifiers are not allowed for interface methods.

> In Interfaces variables have to initialize at the time of declaration.

int a;//Incorrect

int a =10; //Correct

> In Interfaces variables are public, static, and final by default.

> Interface is going to be used using "implements" keyword.
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Example for Java Interface:

1) Create an Interface

public interface Interface1 {
public void engine();
public void wheels();
public void seat();
public void handle();

public static void main (String [] args){
ClassNew objx = new ClassNew();   
objx.engine();
objx.wheels();
}
}

2) Reuse Methods from Interface to Class

public class ClassNew implements Interface1{

   
public void engine() {
System.out.println("Bikes have Engine");
}
   
public void wheels() {
System.out.println("Bikes have Wheels");
}

   
public void seat() {
System.out.println("Bikes have Seats");
}

public void handle() {
System.out.println("Bikes have Handle");
}

public static void main (String [] args){
ClassNew obj = new ClassNew();
obj.seat();
obj.wheels();
obj.engine();
obj.handle();
}
}
---------------------------------------------
Note:

From Class (Concrete class or Abstract Class) to Class we use "extends" keyword

From Interface to Class we use "implements" keyword
-----------------------------------
Encapsulation:

It is a process of wrapping code and data into a single unit.

Encapsulation is the technique making the fields in a class private and providing access via public methods.

> It provides control over the data.

> By providing setter and getter methods we can make a class read only or write only.

Example:
Class1:

public class Class1 {
private String name = "Test Automation";

public String getName(){
return name;
}
public void setName(String newName){
name=newName;   
}

public static void main (String [] args){
Class1 obj = new Class1();
System.out.println(obj.getName());
}
}
--------------------------------
Class2:
public class Class2 extends Class1 {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Class2 obj2 = new Class2();
obj2.setName("Selenium");
System.out.println(obj2.getName());
}
}
--------------------------------------
Java for Selenium

Java Environment setup
Java Program Structure
A) Java Fundamentals
    1) Comments in Java
    2) Data Types
    3) Modifiers
    4) Variables
    5) Operators
    6) Flow Control
        Conditional Statements
        Loop Statements
    8) Arrays
    9) String Handling in Java
    10) I/O operations and File handling
    11) Java Methods
        Built in methods
        User defined methods
    13) Exception handling
-------------------------------
B) Java OOPS

    1) Inheritance
    2) Polymorphism
    3) Abstraction
    4) Encapsulation
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