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User defined Methods in Java
i) Introduction to Java Methods
ii) Types of Methods in Java
iii) User defined Methods
--------------------------------------
i) Introduction to Java Methods
What is Method?
A Java method is a set of statements that are grouped together to perform an operation.
Methods are also known as Functions
In Structured Programming (Ex: C Language) we use Functions (Built-in, User defined).
In Object Oriented Programming (Ex: Java Language) we use Methods (Built-in, User defined).
--------------------------------------
When we choose Methods?
Whenever we want perform any operation multiple times then we choose Methods.
All Programming concepts can be used in Methods.
Advantages of Methods
Code Reusability, using methods we can reduce the project code size.
Code Maintenance is easy.
--------------------------------------
ii) Types of Methods in Java
1) Built in/Pre-defined Methods
2) User defined Methods
--------------------------------------
1) Built in/Pre-defined Methods
Java has a library of classes and methods organized in packages.
Ex:
import java.io.Console;
import java.io.*;
java.lang package is automatically imported in every Java program.
In order to use pre-defined methods we need to import packages/classes.
Using import keyword we can import packages/classes.
--------------------------------------
Categories of Built-in/Pre-defined Methods
1) String Methods
2) Array Methods
3) Number Methods
4) Character Methods
etc...
------------------------------------------
iii) User Defined Methods
Two types of User defined Methods
1) Method without returning any Value.
a) Calling Methods by invoking Object
b) Calling Methods without invoking Object
2) Method with returning a Value.
a) Calling Methods by invoking Object
b) Calling Methods without invoking Object
Calling External methods
Examples:
Writing/Creating Methods
We write Methods before the main method
Calling Methods
We call methods after the main method.
--------------------------------------
1) Method with returning a Value
a) Call Methods by invoking Object
//Write Methods
Syntax:
accessModifier returnType methodName(Parameters){
Statements
------------
-----------
---------
return statement
}
//Create Object
ClassName objectName = new ClassName();
//Call Methods
dataType variableName = objectName.method(values for Parameters);
--------------------------------------
Examples:
public class Class1 {
//User defined Methods
public int multiply(int a, int b, int c){
int result = a * b * c;
return result;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
//Create Object
Class1 abc = new Class1();
//Call Methods
int x = abc.multiply(10, 5, 7);
System.out.println(x);
System.out.println(abc.multiply(10, 5, 7));
}
1) Method with returning a Value
b) Call Methods Without invoking Object
//Create Methods
Syntax:
accessModifier nonAccessModifier returnType methodName(Parameters){
Statements
-------------
------------
-----------
}
//Call Methods
dataType variableName = ClassName.methodName(values for parameters);
Example:
public static int add(int a, int b){
int result;
result= a + b;
return result;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
int y = Class1.add(123, 456);
System.out.println(y);
System.out.println(Class1.add(123, 456));
int z = add(12, 45);
System.out.println(z);
System.out.println(add(12, 45));
}
}
--------------------------------------
2) Method without returning any value
a) Call Methods by invoking object
b) Call Methods without invoking Object
-------------------------------------
a) Call Methods by invoking object
Syntax for Create Method:
accessModifier returnTypeNothing methodName(parameters){
Statements
---------------
---------------
-------------
}
//Create Object
ClassName objectName = new ClassName();
//Call Methods
objectName.methodName(values for parameters);
--------------------------------------
Example:
public class Class1 {
public void comparison(int a, int b){
if (a > b){
System.out.println("A is a Big Number");
}
else
{
System.out.println("B is a Big Number");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Class1 xyz = new Class1();
xyz.comparison(19, 17);
}
--------------------------------------
2) Method without returning any value
b) Call Methods without invoking Object
//Syntax for Creating Method
accessModifier nonAccessModifier returnTypeNothing methodName(parameters){
Statements
-------------
-------------
}
Syntax for Calling Method
ClassName.methodName(values for Parameters);
Example:
public class Class1 {
public static void comparison(int a, int b){
if (a > b){
System.out.println("A is a Big Number");
}
else
{
System.out.println("B is a Big Number");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Class1.comparison(1234, 234);
comparison(4, 6);
}
--------------------------------------
Usage of Methods
a) Internal use (Defining/Creating and Calling Methods within the same class)
b) External use (Calling methods from another classes)
--------------------------------------
Example:
Class 1: (Internal use of methods)
public class Class1 {
//Create a Method with returning value and call the method by invoking Object
//Add first 2 numbers and multiply with 3rd number
public int addAndmultiply(int a, int b, int c){
int result = (a + b) * c;
return result;
}
//Create a Method with returning value and call the method without invoking object
public static int grade(int marks){
int result;
if (marks >= 600){
result =1;
}
else if ((marks >= 500) && (marks <600)){
result =2;
}
else
{
result =3;
}
return result;
}
//Create a Method without returning any value and call the method by invoking Object
public void multiply (int a, int b, int c){
int result = a * b * c;
System.out.println(result);
}
//Create a Method without returning value and call the method without invoking Object
public static void comparison(int a, int b){
if (a > b){
System.out.println("A is a Big Number");
}
else {
System.out.println("B is a Big Number");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Class1 obj = new Class1();
int x = obj.addAndmultiply(10, 5, 2);
System.out.println(x);
int y = Class1.grade(450);
System.out.println(y);
obj.multiply(4, 5, 7);
Class1.comparison(10, 20);
}
}
--------------------------------------
Class 2: (External use of Methods)
public static void main(String[] args) {
//Create object using Class1 in Class2
Class1 abc = new Class1();
int s = abc.addAndmultiply(2, 4, 9);
System.out.println(s);
abc.multiply(3, 5, 6);
int g = Class1.grade(700);
System.out.println(g);
Class1.comparison(20, 10);
}
}
--------------------------------------
Other Topics:
i) Method OverLoading
ii) Method Overriding
--------------------------------------
Conclusion
Java Methods
i) Built-in/Pre-defined Methods
ii) User defined Methods
1) Method with returning value
2) Method without returning value
Usage of Methods
1) Calling methods by invoking Object
2) Calling methods without invoking object
3) Calling External methods
--------------------------------------
i) Introduction to Java Methods
ii) Types of Methods in Java
iii) User defined Methods
--------------------------------------
i) Introduction to Java Methods
What is Method?
A Java method is a set of statements that are grouped together to perform an operation.
Methods are also known as Functions
In Structured Programming (Ex: C Language) we use Functions (Built-in, User defined).
In Object Oriented Programming (Ex: Java Language) we use Methods (Built-in, User defined).
--------------------------------------
When we choose Methods?
Whenever we want perform any operation multiple times then we choose Methods.
All Programming concepts can be used in Methods.
Advantages of Methods
Code Reusability, using methods we can reduce the project code size.
Code Maintenance is easy.
--------------------------------------
ii) Types of Methods in Java
1) Built in/Pre-defined Methods
2) User defined Methods
--------------------------------------
1) Built in/Pre-defined Methods
Java has a library of classes and methods organized in packages.
Ex:
import java.io.Console;
import java.io.*;
java.lang package is automatically imported in every Java program.
In order to use pre-defined methods we need to import packages/classes.
Using import keyword we can import packages/classes.
--------------------------------------
Categories of Built-in/Pre-defined Methods
1) String Methods
2) Array Methods
3) Number Methods
4) Character Methods
etc...
------------------------------------------
iii) User Defined Methods
Two types of User defined Methods
1) Method without returning any Value.
a) Calling Methods by invoking Object
b) Calling Methods without invoking Object
2) Method with returning a Value.
a) Calling Methods by invoking Object
b) Calling Methods without invoking Object
Calling External methods
Examples:
Writing/Creating Methods
We write Methods before the main method
Calling Methods
We call methods after the main method.
--------------------------------------
1) Method with returning a Value
a) Call Methods by invoking Object
//Write Methods
Syntax:
accessModifier returnType methodName(Parameters){
Statements
------------
-----------
---------
return statement
}
//Create Object
ClassName objectName = new ClassName();
//Call Methods
dataType variableName = objectName.method(values for Parameters);
--------------------------------------
Examples:
public class Class1 {
//User defined Methods
public int multiply(int a, int b, int c){
int result = a * b * c;
return result;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
//Create Object
Class1 abc = new Class1();
//Call Methods
int x = abc.multiply(10, 5, 7);
System.out.println(x);
System.out.println(abc.multiply(10, 5, 7));
}
1) Method with returning a Value
b) Call Methods Without invoking Object
//Create Methods
Syntax:
accessModifier nonAccessModifier returnType methodName(Parameters){
Statements
-------------
------------
-----------
}
//Call Methods
dataType variableName = ClassName.methodName(values for parameters);
Example:
public static int add(int a, int b){
int result;
result= a + b;
return result;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
int y = Class1.add(123, 456);
System.out.println(y);
System.out.println(Class1.add(123, 456));
int z = add(12, 45);
System.out.println(z);
System.out.println(add(12, 45));
}
}
--------------------------------------
2) Method without returning any value
a) Call Methods by invoking object
b) Call Methods without invoking Object
-------------------------------------
a) Call Methods by invoking object
Syntax for Create Method:
accessModifier returnTypeNothing methodName(parameters){
Statements
---------------
---------------
-------------
}
//Create Object
ClassName objectName = new ClassName();
//Call Methods
objectName.methodName(values for parameters);
--------------------------------------
Example:
public class Class1 {
public void comparison(int a, int b){
if (a > b){
System.out.println("A is a Big Number");
}
else
{
System.out.println("B is a Big Number");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Class1 xyz = new Class1();
xyz.comparison(19, 17);
}
--------------------------------------
2) Method without returning any value
b) Call Methods without invoking Object
//Syntax for Creating Method
accessModifier nonAccessModifier returnTypeNothing methodName(parameters){
Statements
-------------
-------------
}
Syntax for Calling Method
ClassName.methodName(values for Parameters);
Example:
public class Class1 {
public static void comparison(int a, int b){
if (a > b){
System.out.println("A is a Big Number");
}
else
{
System.out.println("B is a Big Number");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Class1.comparison(1234, 234);
comparison(4, 6);
}
--------------------------------------
Usage of Methods
a) Internal use (Defining/Creating and Calling Methods within the same class)
b) External use (Calling methods from another classes)
--------------------------------------
Example:
Class 1: (Internal use of methods)
public class Class1 {
//Create a Method with returning value and call the method by invoking Object
//Add first 2 numbers and multiply with 3rd number
public int addAndmultiply(int a, int b, int c){
int result = (a + b) * c;
return result;
}
//Create a Method with returning value and call the method without invoking object
public static int grade(int marks){
int result;
if (marks >= 600){
result =1;
}
else if ((marks >= 500) && (marks <600)){
result =2;
}
else
{
result =3;
}
return result;
}
//Create a Method without returning any value and call the method by invoking Object
public void multiply (int a, int b, int c){
int result = a * b * c;
System.out.println(result);
}
//Create a Method without returning value and call the method without invoking Object
public static void comparison(int a, int b){
if (a > b){
System.out.println("A is a Big Number");
}
else {
System.out.println("B is a Big Number");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Class1 obj = new Class1();
int x = obj.addAndmultiply(10, 5, 2);
System.out.println(x);
int y = Class1.grade(450);
System.out.println(y);
obj.multiply(4, 5, 7);
Class1.comparison(10, 20);
}
}
--------------------------------------
Class 2: (External use of Methods)
public static void main(String[] args) {
//Create object using Class1 in Class2
Class1 abc = new Class1();
int s = abc.addAndmultiply(2, 4, 9);
System.out.println(s);
abc.multiply(3, 5, 6);
int g = Class1.grade(700);
System.out.println(g);
Class1.comparison(20, 10);
}
}
--------------------------------------
Other Topics:
i) Method OverLoading
ii) Method Overriding
--------------------------------------
Conclusion
Java Methods
i) Built-in/Pre-defined Methods
ii) User defined Methods
1) Method with returning value
2) Method without returning value
Usage of Methods
1) Calling methods by invoking Object
2) Calling methods without invoking object
3) Calling External methods
--------------------------------------
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