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Java Data Types, Modifiers and Variables
i) Java Data Types
ii) Java Modifiers
iii) Java Variables
-------------------------------------------------------------
i) Java Data Types
What is Data Type?
Data Type is a classification of the type of data that a Variable or Constant or Method can hold in computer program.
Ex: character, integer, float, boolean etc...
Java supports Explicit declaration of data types.
(We need to specify the data type before declaring Variables or Constants or Methods with return value.)
Syntax:
dataType variableName;
Or
dataType variableName = value;
Or
dataType variable1Name, variable2Name, variable3Name;
Or
dataType variable1Name=value; variable2Name=value, variable3Name=value;
-----------------------------------------
final dataType constantName = value;
--------------------------------------------
accessModifier dataType(int) methodName(int parameter1, int parameter2){
Statements
---------
----------
}
-------------------------------------------------
Two types of Data Types in Java,
a) Primitive Data Types
b) Non-Primitive Data Types/Reference Data types
--------------------------------------------------------------
a) Primitive Data Types (8 data types)
1) Integer Types
i) byte (8 bits)(-127 to 128)
ex:
byte a =10;
ii) short (16 bits)
short b = 1000;
iii) int (32 bits)
int c =1000000;
iv) long (64 bits)
long d =1000000000000000000;
---------------------------------------
2) Relational Types (Numbers with decimal places)
v) float (32 bits)
float x =1.23;
vi) double (64 bits)
double y = 123.4567898;
-------------------------------------------
3) Characters
vii) char
char z ='A';
char e = '1';
d) Conditional
viii) boolean
boolean x = true/false;
-------------------------------------------------
b) Non-Primitive Data Types/Reference Data types
Non-Primitive Data Types or Reference Data types in Java are Objects and Arrays
Example:
Classname objectName = new ClassName();
----------------------------------------------------
Convert Data from one type to another.
Two types of Value Assignment for Variables
i) Initialization
int a=100; //Initialization
int b;
b=200; //Initialization
ii) Reading
1) Read using Input devices
2) Read from Files etc...
Note: If you read data (any type) then computer program considers the data as String type data,
if you to perform mathematical operations then we need to convert the data.
Note: We can't convert Alpha bytes to integers or float or double.
------------------------------------------------------------
ii) Modifiers in Java
Modifiers are keywords that we add to those definitions to change their meaning.
Two types of Modifiers in Java
a) Access Modifiers
b) Non Access Modifiers
---------------------------------------------------
a) Access Modifiers
We use access modifiers to define access control for classes, methods and variables.
1) public
public access modifier is accessible everywhere.
ex:
public class Sample {
}
2) private
The private access modifier is accessible only within class.
Ex:
private int a =123;
3) default
If we don't specify any modifier then it is treated as default, this can be accessible within package.
class Sample{
}
4) protected
The protected access modifier is accessible within package, outside of the package also but through Inheritance.
Ex:
protected class Sample{
}
-----------------------------------------------------------
b) Non Access Modifiers
1) static
static modifier is used to create classes, methods and variables.
ex:
static int add(){
.
.
}
static int a =10;
---------------------------------------
2) final
final modifier for finalizing classes, methods and variables.
ex:
final int x =123;
.
.
x=234; //Incorrect
------------------------------
int x =123;
.
.
x=234; //Correct
3) abstract
abstract modifier is used to create abstract classes and abstract methods.
ex:
abstract class Sample{
}
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
iii) Java Variables
1) What is Variable?
A named memory location to store the temporary data within a program.
Two types of Memory in Computer environment,
a) Primary memory (RAM)
b) Secondary memory (ROM - HDD, DVD, USB drive etc...)
------------------------------------------------------
2) Declaring Variables
Java supports Explicit declaration of Data Types only.
Ex:
int a=10, b=20;
.
.
int res = a + b;//Correct
---------------------------
int a=10;
.
.
int res = a + b; //Incorrect
-----------------------------------
int a=10, b;
.
.
int res = a + b; //Incorrect
------------------------------------------
Example:
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a;
int b=100;
int c, d, e;
int f=1, g=2, h=4;
char k ='1';
char l ='A';
char m='a';
//char n ='ad';//Incorrect
double y =234.456789;
boolean z = true;
String myTool = "Selenium";
String t = "Test Automation using Selenium";
}
--------------------------------------------------------
3) Assign Values to Variables
a) Initialization
Ex:
int a=100;
b) Reading (Reading using Input devices, from files)
int a, b;
a=123;//Initialization
.
.
.
b=a;//Reading
---------------------------------------------
4) Variables Naming Restrictions
a) Java Variables are Case sensitive.
int a;
int B;
a=100;
b=200;//incorrect
---------------------------------------
VBScript
Dim a
A =100
Msgbox a //Correct
---------------------------------------------
b) Java variable names should start with a letter or $ or _
ex:
myvar
MYVAR
$abc
_xyz
myvar7
7myvar //Incorrect
*myvar //Incorrect
--------------------------------------------------------
c) Variable names should not match with Java keywords / Reserved word
int a; //Correct
int new; Incorrect
-----------------------------------------------------------
d) Must be unique in the scope of declaration
e) Must not exceed 255 characters
-----------------------------------------------------------------
5) Types of Variables
a) Local Variables
Local Variables are declared in methods or blocks (Conditions, Loops etc...)
b) Instance variables
Instance variables are declared in a class but outside of a method or any block
c) Static / Class Variables
Static variables are declared as static, these can't be local.
> The static variable gets memory only once in a class area at the time of class loading.
It makes our program efficient (i.e it saves memory)
--------------------------------------------------------------
Example:
public int salary(){
int mySalary = 10000 + 2000 + 1500 + a;
return mySalary;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
int b=20;
System.out.println(a);
System.out.println(b);
if (b > a){
int x=123;
System.out.println("B is a Big Number");
System.out.println(a); //Static variable
System.out.println(b); //Instance Variable
System.out.println(x); //Local Variable
}
//System.out.println(x);//Error
System.out.println(Class1.a);
System.out.println(a);
}
}
-----------------------------------------------------------
Java for Selenium Part 4 Link
i) Java Data Types
ii) Java Modifiers
iii) Java Variables
-------------------------------------------------------------
i) Java Data Types
What is Data Type?
Data Type is a classification of the type of data that a Variable or Constant or Method can hold in computer program.
Ex: character, integer, float, boolean etc...
Java supports Explicit declaration of data types.
(We need to specify the data type before declaring Variables or Constants or Methods with return value.)
Syntax:
dataType variableName;
Or
dataType variableName = value;
Or
dataType variable1Name, variable2Name, variable3Name;
Or
dataType variable1Name=value; variable2Name=value, variable3Name=value;
-----------------------------------------
final dataType constantName = value;
--------------------------------------------
accessModifier dataType(int) methodName(int parameter1, int parameter2){
Statements
---------
----------
}
-------------------------------------------------
Two types of Data Types in Java,
a) Primitive Data Types
b) Non-Primitive Data Types/Reference Data types
--------------------------------------------------------------
a) Primitive Data Types (8 data types)
1) Integer Types
i) byte (8 bits)(-127 to 128)
ex:
byte a =10;
ii) short (16 bits)
short b = 1000;
iii) int (32 bits)
int c =1000000;
iv) long (64 bits)
long d =1000000000000000000;
---------------------------------------
2) Relational Types (Numbers with decimal places)
v) float (32 bits)
float x =1.23;
vi) double (64 bits)
double y = 123.4567898;
-------------------------------------------
3) Characters
vii) char
char z ='A';
char e = '1';
d) Conditional
viii) boolean
boolean x = true/false;
-------------------------------------------------
b) Non-Primitive Data Types/Reference Data types
Non-Primitive Data Types or Reference Data types in Java are Objects and Arrays
Example:
Classname objectName = new ClassName();
----------------------------------------------------
Convert Data from one type to another.
Two types of Value Assignment for Variables
i) Initialization
int a=100; //Initialization
int b;
b=200; //Initialization
ii) Reading
1) Read using Input devices
2) Read from Files etc...
Note: If you read data (any type) then computer program considers the data as String type data,
if you to perform mathematical operations then we need to convert the data.
Note: We can't convert Alpha bytes to integers or float or double.
------------------------------------------------------------
ii) Modifiers in Java
Modifiers are keywords that we add to those definitions to change their meaning.
Two types of Modifiers in Java
a) Access Modifiers
b) Non Access Modifiers
---------------------------------------------------
a) Access Modifiers
We use access modifiers to define access control for classes, methods and variables.
1) public
public access modifier is accessible everywhere.
ex:
public class Sample {
}
2) private
The private access modifier is accessible only within class.
Ex:
private int a =123;
3) default
If we don't specify any modifier then it is treated as default, this can be accessible within package.
class Sample{
}
4) protected
The protected access modifier is accessible within package, outside of the package also but through Inheritance.
Ex:
protected class Sample{
}
-----------------------------------------------------------
b) Non Access Modifiers
1) static
static modifier is used to create classes, methods and variables.
ex:
static int add(){
.
.
}
static int a =10;
---------------------------------------
2) final
final modifier for finalizing classes, methods and variables.
ex:
final int x =123;
.
.
x=234; //Incorrect
------------------------------
int x =123;
.
.
x=234; //Correct
3) abstract
abstract modifier is used to create abstract classes and abstract methods.
ex:
abstract class Sample{
}
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
iii) Java Variables
1) What is Variable?
A named memory location to store the temporary data within a program.
Two types of Memory in Computer environment,
a) Primary memory (RAM)
b) Secondary memory (ROM - HDD, DVD, USB drive etc...)
------------------------------------------------------
2) Declaring Variables
Java supports Explicit declaration of Data Types only.
Ex:
int a=10, b=20;
.
.
int res = a + b;//Correct
---------------------------
int a=10;
.
.
int res = a + b; //Incorrect
-----------------------------------
int a=10, b;
.
.
int res = a + b; //Incorrect
------------------------------------------
Example:
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a;
int b=100;
int c, d, e;
int f=1, g=2, h=4;
char k ='1';
char l ='A';
char m='a';
//char n ='ad';//Incorrect
double y =234.456789;
boolean z = true;
String myTool = "Selenium";
String t = "Test Automation using Selenium";
}
--------------------------------------------------------
3) Assign Values to Variables
a) Initialization
Ex:
int a=100;
b) Reading (Reading using Input devices, from files)
int a, b;
a=123;//Initialization
.
.
.
b=a;//Reading
---------------------------------------------
4) Variables Naming Restrictions
a) Java Variables are Case sensitive.
int a;
int B;
a=100;
b=200;//incorrect
---------------------------------------
VBScript
Dim a
A =100
Msgbox a //Correct
---------------------------------------------
b) Java variable names should start with a letter or $ or _
ex:
myvar
MYVAR
$abc
_xyz
myvar7
7myvar //Incorrect
*myvar //Incorrect
--------------------------------------------------------
c) Variable names should not match with Java keywords / Reserved word
int a; //Correct
int new; Incorrect
-----------------------------------------------------------
d) Must be unique in the scope of declaration
e) Must not exceed 255 characters
-----------------------------------------------------------------
5) Types of Variables
a) Local Variables
Local Variables are declared in methods or blocks (Conditions, Loops etc...)
b) Instance variables
Instance variables are declared in a class but outside of a method or any block
c) Static / Class Variables
Static variables are declared as static, these can't be local.
> The static variable gets memory only once in a class area at the time of class loading.
It makes our program efficient (i.e it saves memory)
--------------------------------------------------------------
Example:
public int salary(){
int mySalary = 10000 + 2000 + 1500 + a;
return mySalary;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
int b=20;
System.out.println(a);
System.out.println(b);
if (b > a){
int x=123;
System.out.println("B is a Big Number");
System.out.println(a); //Static variable
System.out.println(b); //Instance Variable
System.out.println(x); //Local Variable
}
//System.out.println(x);//Error
System.out.println(Class1.a);
System.out.println(a);
}
}
-----------------------------------------------------------
Java for Selenium Part 4 Link
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