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Java Inheritance and Polymorphism
Java OOPS - Object Oriented Programming System
Four Fundamentals of OOPS
i) Inheritance
ii) Polymorphism
iii) Abstraction
iv) Encapsulation
--------------------------------------------------------
i) Inheritance
> It is a process of Inheriting (reusing) the class members (Variables and Methods) from one Class to another.
> The Class where the class members are getting inherited is called as Super Class/Parent Class/Base Class
> The Class to which the class members are getting inherited is called as Sub Class/Child Class/Derived Class.
> The Inheritance between Super Class and Sub Class is achieved using "extends" keyword.
-----------------------------------------
Static vs. Non Static Methods
> Instance Variables can't be used in Static Methods, but we can use Static and Instance Variables
in Non Static methods.
> Non Static Methods can't be called within the Static Methods, but we can call Static and Non Static Methods within the Non Static Methods.
-------------------------------------------
Example:
public class Class1 {
//Static Variable
static int a =10;
//Instance Variable
int b=20;
//Static Method
public static void abc(){
System.out.println(a);
}
//Non Static Method
public void abc2(){
System.out.println(a + b);
}
public static void abc3(){
System.out.println("It is a Staic Method");
//abc2();// We can't Access Non Static Methods
abc();//Access Static Method with in Static Method
}
public void abc4(){
System.out.println("It is a Non Static Method");
abc2();//Access Non Static method with in Non Static Method
abc();//Access Static Method within Non Static Method
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
abc();
abc3();
Class1 obj = new Class1();
obj.abc2();
obj.abc4();
}
}
--------------------------------
Types of Inheritance
i) Single Inheritance
Ex:
ClassB extends ClassA
ClassA - Super Class
ClassB - Sub Class
ii) Multi Level Inheritance
Ex:
ClassB extends ClassA
ClassC extends ClassB
ClassC - Sub-sub Class / Child Class
ClassB - Parent Class for ClassC, Child Class for ClassA
ClassA - Grand Parent Class for ClassC, Parent Class for ClassB
iii) Multiple Inheritance (* Java Doesn't support)
Ex:
ClassB extends ClassA
ClassB extends ClassD
--------------------------------
Example:
Class 1
public class Class1 {
int a =10;
int b =20;
public void add(){
System.out.println(a+b);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Class1 obj = new Class1();
obj.add();
System.out.println(obj.a);
}
}
--------------------------------
Class 2 (With Inheritance, Create Object using Sub class only)
public class Class2 extends Class1{
public static void main(String[] args) {
Class2 obj2 = new Class2();
obj2.add();
System.out.println(obj2.a);
}
}
--------------------------------
(Without Inheritance, Create Object using Super class in the same Package)
public class Class2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Class1 obj2 = new Class1();
obj2.add();
System.out.println(obj2.a);
}
}
--------------------------------
(Without Inheritance, Create Object using Super class in another Package by importing the Package)
import abcd.Class1;
public class Class3 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Class1 obj3 = new Class1();
obj3.add();
}
}
--------------------------------
(With Inheritance, Create Object using Child class in another Package by importing the Package)
import abcd.Class1;
public class Class3 extends Class1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Class3 obj3 = new Class3();
obj3.add();
}
}
--------------------------------
(Without Inheritance, Create Object using Super Class in another Project)
import abcd.Class1;
public class Class4 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Class1 obj4 = new Class1();
obj4.add();
}
}
--------------------------------
(With Inheritance, Create Object using Child Class in another Project)
import abcd.Class1;
public class Class4 extends Class1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Class4 obj4 = new Class4();
obj4.add();
}
}
--------------------------------
Example for Multi Level Inheritance
Class 1
public class Class1 {
int a =10;
int b =20;
public void add(){
System.out.println(a + b);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Class1 obj = new Class1 ();
obj.add();
}
}
--------------------------------
Class 2:
public class Class2 extends Class1 {
int a =1;
int b =2;
public void add(){
System.out.println(a + b);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Class2 obj2 = new Class2();
obj2.add();
}
}
--------------------------------
Class 3:
public void add(){
System.out.println(a + b);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Class3 obj3 = new Class3();
obj3.add();//300
Class2 obj4 = new Class2();
obj4.add();//3
Class1 obj5 = new Class1();
obj5.add();//30
}
}
----------------------------------------------
ii) Polymorphism
Existence of Object behavior in many forms
Two types of Polymorphism
1) Compile Time Polymorphism / Method Overloading
2) Run-Time Polymorphism / Method Overriding
--------------------------------------------
1) Compile Time Polymorphism / Method Overloading
If two or more Methods with same name in the same class but they differ in following ways.
a) Number of Arguments
b) Type of Arguments
--------------------------------
Example for Method Overloading:
public class Class1 {
public void add(int a, int b){
System.out.println(a+b);
}
public void add(int a, int b, int c){
System.out.println(a+b+c);
}
public void add(double a, double b){
System.out.println(a+b);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Class1 obj = new Class1();
obj.add(10, 20);//30
obj.add(10.234, 4.567);
obj.add(10, 20, 60);//90
}
}
--------------------------------------
Example2:
Class 1
public class Class1 {
public void add(int a, int b){
System.out.println(a+b);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Class1 obj = new Class1();
obj.add(10, 20);//30
}
}
-----------------------------------
Class 2:
public class Class2 extends Class1 {
public void add(){
int a =12, b=13;
System.out.println(a + b);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Class2 obj2 = new Class2();
obj2.add();
obj2.add(10, 20);
}
}
--------------------------------
2) Run-Time Polymorphism / Method Overriding
If two or more methods with same name available in the Super Class and Sub Class.
Example for Method Overriding
public class Class1 {
public void add(){
int a =100, b=200;
System.out.println(a+b);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Class1 obj = new Class1();
obj.add();
}
}
------------------------------
public class Class2 extends Class1 {
public void add(){
int a =12, b=13;
System.out.println(a + b);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Class2 obj2 = new Class2();
obj2.add(); //25
}
}
----------------------------------
Java OOPS - Object Oriented Programming System
Four Fundamentals of OOPS
i) Inheritance
ii) Polymorphism
iii) Abstraction
iv) Encapsulation
--------------------------------------------------------
i) Inheritance
> It is a process of Inheriting (reusing) the class members (Variables and Methods) from one Class to another.
> The Class where the class members are getting inherited is called as Super Class/Parent Class/Base Class
> The Class to which the class members are getting inherited is called as Sub Class/Child Class/Derived Class.
> The Inheritance between Super Class and Sub Class is achieved using "extends" keyword.
-----------------------------------------
Static vs. Non Static Methods
> Instance Variables can't be used in Static Methods, but we can use Static and Instance Variables
in Non Static methods.
> Non Static Methods can't be called within the Static Methods, but we can call Static and Non Static Methods within the Non Static Methods.
-------------------------------------------
Example:
public class Class1 {
//Static Variable
static int a =10;
//Instance Variable
int b=20;
//Static Method
public static void abc(){
System.out.println(a);
}
//Non Static Method
public void abc2(){
System.out.println(a + b);
}
public static void abc3(){
System.out.println("It is a Staic Method");
//abc2();// We can't Access Non Static Methods
abc();//Access Static Method with in Static Method
}
public void abc4(){
System.out.println("It is a Non Static Method");
abc2();//Access Non Static method with in Non Static Method
abc();//Access Static Method within Non Static Method
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
abc();
abc3();
Class1 obj = new Class1();
obj.abc2();
obj.abc4();
}
}
--------------------------------
Types of Inheritance
i) Single Inheritance
Ex:
ClassB extends ClassA
ClassA - Super Class
ClassB - Sub Class
ii) Multi Level Inheritance
Ex:
ClassB extends ClassA
ClassC extends ClassB
ClassC - Sub-sub Class / Child Class
ClassB - Parent Class for ClassC, Child Class for ClassA
ClassA - Grand Parent Class for ClassC, Parent Class for ClassB
iii) Multiple Inheritance (* Java Doesn't support)
Ex:
ClassB extends ClassA
ClassB extends ClassD
--------------------------------
Example:
Class 1
public class Class1 {
int a =10;
int b =20;
public void add(){
System.out.println(a+b);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Class1 obj = new Class1();
obj.add();
System.out.println(obj.a);
}
}
--------------------------------
Class 2 (With Inheritance, Create Object using Sub class only)
public class Class2 extends Class1{
public static void main(String[] args) {
Class2 obj2 = new Class2();
obj2.add();
System.out.println(obj2.a);
}
}
--------------------------------
(Without Inheritance, Create Object using Super class in the same Package)
public class Class2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Class1 obj2 = new Class1();
obj2.add();
System.out.println(obj2.a);
}
}
--------------------------------
(Without Inheritance, Create Object using Super class in another Package by importing the Package)
import abcd.Class1;
public class Class3 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Class1 obj3 = new Class1();
obj3.add();
}
}
--------------------------------
(With Inheritance, Create Object using Child class in another Package by importing the Package)
import abcd.Class1;
public class Class3 extends Class1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Class3 obj3 = new Class3();
obj3.add();
}
}
--------------------------------
(Without Inheritance, Create Object using Super Class in another Project)
import abcd.Class1;
public class Class4 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Class1 obj4 = new Class1();
obj4.add();
}
}
--------------------------------
(With Inheritance, Create Object using Child Class in another Project)
import abcd.Class1;
public class Class4 extends Class1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Class4 obj4 = new Class4();
obj4.add();
}
}
--------------------------------
Example for Multi Level Inheritance
Class 1
public class Class1 {
int a =10;
int b =20;
public void add(){
System.out.println(a + b);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Class1 obj = new Class1 ();
obj.add();
}
}
--------------------------------
Class 2:
public class Class2 extends Class1 {
int a =1;
int b =2;
public void add(){
System.out.println(a + b);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Class2 obj2 = new Class2();
obj2.add();
}
}
--------------------------------
Class 3:
public void add(){
System.out.println(a + b);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Class3 obj3 = new Class3();
obj3.add();//300
Class2 obj4 = new Class2();
obj4.add();//3
Class1 obj5 = new Class1();
obj5.add();//30
}
}
----------------------------------------------
ii) Polymorphism
Existence of Object behavior in many forms
Two types of Polymorphism
1) Compile Time Polymorphism / Method Overloading
2) Run-Time Polymorphism / Method Overriding
--------------------------------------------
1) Compile Time Polymorphism / Method Overloading
If two or more Methods with same name in the same class but they differ in following ways.
a) Number of Arguments
b) Type of Arguments
--------------------------------
Example for Method Overloading:
public class Class1 {
public void add(int a, int b){
System.out.println(a+b);
}
public void add(int a, int b, int c){
System.out.println(a+b+c);
}
public void add(double a, double b){
System.out.println(a+b);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Class1 obj = new Class1();
obj.add(10, 20);//30
obj.add(10.234, 4.567);
obj.add(10, 20, 60);//90
}
}
--------------------------------------
Example2:
Class 1
public class Class1 {
public void add(int a, int b){
System.out.println(a+b);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Class1 obj = new Class1();
obj.add(10, 20);//30
}
}
-----------------------------------
Class 2:
public class Class2 extends Class1 {
public void add(){
int a =12, b=13;
System.out.println(a + b);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Class2 obj2 = new Class2();
obj2.add();
obj2.add(10, 20);
}
}
--------------------------------
2) Run-Time Polymorphism / Method Overriding
If two or more methods with same name available in the Super Class and Sub Class.
Example for Method Overriding
public class Class1 {
public void add(){
int a =100, b=200;
System.out.println(a+b);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Class1 obj = new Class1();
obj.add();
}
}
------------------------------
public class Class2 extends Class1 {
public void add(){
int a =12, b=13;
System.out.println(a + b);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Class2 obj2 = new Class2();
obj2.add(); //25
}
}
----------------------------------
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