Java Inheritance and Polymorphism

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Java Inheritance and Polymorphism

Java OOPS- Object Oriented Programming System.

Four fundamentals OOPS:

i) Inheritance

ii) Polymorphism

iii) Abstraction

iv) Encapsulation
-----------------------------
i) Inheritance
 
> It is a process of Inheriting(reusing) the class members(Variables and Methods) from one class to another.

> Non-static class members only can be Inherited.

> The class where the class members are getting Inherited is called as Super class/Parent class/Base class.

> The class to which the class members are getting Inherited is called as Sub class/Child class/derived class.

> The Inheritance between Super class and Sub class is achieved using "extends" keyword.
--------------------------------------------------------
How to create Static class members?
Using static Non-access modifier.

How to access Static class members?
Using Class Name we access Static class members.

How to access Non static class members?
Using Object/Instance we can access Non static class members.
------------------------------------------------------
Example for accessing Static and Non-static Class members:
 
package package1;

public class Class1 {
//Declare Static variables
static int a =10, b=20;
//Declare Non-static variables
int c=30, d=40;
//Create Static a method with returning a value
public static int add(){
int result = a+b;
return result;   
}
//Create Static a method without returning any value
public static void multiply(){
System.out.println(a*b);
}
//Create a Non static method with returning a value
public int add2(){
int res = c + d;
return res;
}
//Create a Non static method without returning any value 
public void multiply2(){
System.out.println(c*d);   
}
public static void main (String [] args){
//Access Static Class Members(Using Class Name)
int x = Class1.add();
System.out.println(x);//30
System.out.println(Class1.a);//10
Class1.multiply();//200

//Access Non static class members(Using Object) 
Class1 obj = new Class1();
int y = obj.add2();
System.out.println(y);//70
System.out.println(obj.c);//30
obj.multiply2();//1200
}
}
-----------------------------
Three types Inheritance
 
1) Single Inheritance
 
Example:
public Class ClassB extends Class A {
.
}
-----------------------
2) Multi level Inheritance
 
Example:
public Class ClassB extends ClassA {

public Class ClassC extends ClassB {
----------------------------------
iii) Multiple Inheritance (* Java doesn't support)
Example:

public class ClassB extends ClassA {
public class ClassB extends ClassD {
.
.
}
}
--------------------------------------------
Example for Inheritance:
 
Class 1:
public class ClassA {
int a =10;
int b =20;
public void add(){
System.out.println(a+b);
}

public static void main(String[] args) {
ClassA objA = new ClassA();
System.out.println(objA.a);//10
objA.add();//30
}
}
----------------------------
Class 2:
public class ClassB extends ClassA{
int a =100;
int b =200;
public void add(){
System.out.println(a+b);   
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
ClassB objB = new ClassB();
objB.add();//300
System.out.println(objB.a);//100
}
}
----------------------------
Class 3:
public class ClassC extends ClassB {
int a =1;
int b=2;
public void add(){
System.out.println(a+b);
}

public static void main(String[] args) {
ClassC objC = new ClassC();
System.out.println(objC.a);
objC.add();
}
}
--------------------------------------
Example 2:
package package1;

public class ClassX {
protected int a =10;
protected int b =20;

protected void add(){
System.out.println(a+b);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
ClassX objX = new ClassX();
System.out.println(objX.a);
objX.add();
}
}
---------------------------------
package package2;

import package1.ClassX;

public class ClassZ  extends ClassX{
public static void main(String[] args) {
ClassZ objZ = new ClassZ();
objZ.add();
System.out.println(objZ.a);
}
}
-----------------------------
ii) Polymorphism
 
Existence of Object behavior in many forms

There are two types of Polymorphism

1) Compile Time Polymorphism / Method Overloading

2) Run Time Polymorphism or Method Overriding
-----------------------------------
1) Compile Time Polymorphism / Method Overloading
 
If two are more methods having same name in the same class but they differ in following ways.

a) Number of Arguments

b) Type of Arguments
-----------------------------
Example for Method OverLoading:
 
public class MethodOverLoading {
public void add(int a, int b){
System.out.println(a+b);   
}

public void add(int a, int b, int c){
System.out.println(a+b+c);   
}

public void add(double a, double b){
System.out.println(a+b);   
}

public void add(double a, double b, double c){
System.out.println(a+b+c);   
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
MethodOverLoading obj = new MethodOverLoading();
obj.add(10, 20);
obj.add(10, 20, 30);
obj.add(1.234, 2.456);
obj.add(1.234, 2.456, 3.567);
}
}
-----------------------------------------
2) Run Time Polymorphism or Method Overriding
 
If two are more methods with same name available in the Super class and Sub class.

Example for Method OverLoading:
Class 1:

public class ClassNew1 {
public void myMethod(){
System.out.println("Selenium for Test Automation");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
ClassNew1 obj = new ClassNew1();
obj.myMethod();
}
}
-------------------------
Class 2:
 
public class ClassNew2 extends ClassNew1{
public void myMethod(){
System.out.println("UFT for Test Automation");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
ClassNew2 obj = new ClassNew2();
obj.myMethod();//UFT for Test Automation

ClassNew1 obj2= new ClassNew1();
obj2.myMethod();//Selenium for Test Automation
}
}
-----------------------------------------------

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